Incarceration and Reentry: What You Need to Know About Incarceration in North Carolina

The State of Incarceration in North Carolina

A tenth of North Carolina’s population, or 1.3 million people, has a criminal record. On any given day, there are roughly 91,000 people on probation or parole, and about 40,000 people are incarcerated in either a prison or jail. That’s 131,000 people under government supervision every day! Of those 131,000 people, 98% will return home.

Once an individual has returned home, there are two outcomes: successfully reintegrate back into society or return to prison. 60% of people will successfully return, leaving about 40% to recidivate (returning to incarceration) within 3 years of release.

Returning to prison can mean additional crimes committed, more tax dollars used to keep them there and more broken homes. We want to reduce the number of people this happens to. By reducing recidivism, we can reduce crime rates, ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences), tax spending on prisons, negative social determinants of health, and poverty; and see improvements in the economy, family involvement, and the long term health of those returning citizens and their families.

Some terms to know when talking about incarceration:

Returning Citizen vs Ex-Con, Ex-Felon, Convict

Traditionally, people released from prison have been referred to as ex-con, ex-felon, convict or any number of variations. These terms have a lot of baggage and bias associated with them and encourages people to define returning citizens by one negative factor of their life. The preferred term is returning citizen. Returning citizen recognizes the mistakes of their past, but focuses on the positive possibilities for their future.

Reentry vs Recidivism

Reentry refers to a returning citizens leaving prison and integrating back into society. High reentry rates are a good thing! They mean more people are returning home to their families.

In the simplest terms, recidivism means a person is returning to prison either for a parole violation or for a new offense. Reducing recidivism means reducing the additional crimes and violations, and thus keeping people out of prison so they have a better chance to reentry society successfully.

Probation vs Parole vs Community Supervision

Probation and parole are alternatives to prison or jail time. Probation is an alternative to prison or jail time, while parole is an early release from prison or jail. Both have strict requirements from alcohol use to work requirements to visits with their supervising officer. Community Supervision refers to someone who is either on probation or parole. There are about 91,000 people under community supervision on any given day in North Carolina. That’s twice the average population in prison on any day.

Nationwide, 1 in every 55 adults are under community supervision. Unfortunately, only half of those on probation or parole will successfully complete their sentence. The other half will be put into prison or jail for parole or probation violations. Often, these are technical violations which means no crimes were committed.

Jail vs Prison

Although many people use jail and prison interchangeably, they are two very different places for two different purposes.

Jails are confinement facilities for short-term use. Most people in jail are waiting for trial or sentencing; or are serving short amounts of time for a minor offense, such as a misdemeanor. Jails are run by local law enforcement.

Prisons are facilities for people who have already been sentenced for a crime. Usually, people in prison have committed a felony offense. Prisons are run by the state or federal government, and some prisons are run by private corporations.

The Facts

The Big Picture

• $29,965 is the average annual cost to keep someone incarcerated

• 40,203 people are incarcerated on an average day

• 98% of incarcerated individuals will eventually leave prison and return home.

• Over 90% of employers conduct criminal background checks. Many will disqualify candidates for criminal records regardless of their relevance to the job qualifications and responsibilities.

• People with criminal records are 50% less likely to get a call back. The negative impact is twice as hard on African American applicants.

• More than 1000 state laws and regulations potentially deny North Carolinians a wide range of privileges and rights based on a criminal record.

• Only 55% of returning citizens reported any earnings after the first full calendar year of their release. The median earnings was only $10,090

• North Carolina's 3-year recidivism rate is 40%

Family Impact

• Having a parent in prison is one of 10 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). ACES have a significant impact on a person’s risk for chronic disease and decreases their life expectancy.

• Over half of incarcerated parents were the primary source of financial support for their children prior to incarceration.

• 1 in 3 families acquire debt due to the high cost of phone calls and the long distance travel for in person visits. Men and women are, on average, in prisons that are 100 and 160 miles, respectively, away from their children.

• About 1 in 10 children born into the bottom 10% socioeconomic were incarcerated by age 30.

• Prisoners are likely to have grown up in segregated and isolated neighborhoods with high rates of child poverty. These neighborhoods’ residents tend to be predominantly African American or American Indian.

Racial Disparities

• African American males have a 25% chance of being incarcerated. Hispanic males have a 15% chance of incarcerations and White males have less than a 5% chance.

• African American and White people use drugs at similar rates, but African American people have 6 times higher imprisonment rates for possession of drugs than White people.

• On average, an African American person receives a longer sentence than a White person for the same crime.

Why it Matters

It costs about $28,000 to keep an inmate incarcerated each year. Multiply that by 67,000 people in jail or prison in 2018 and that’s $1.9 million dollars per year just to keep people incarcerated! Meanwhile, the average cost spent on students in North Carolina is only $8,000 per student.

What would happen if we didn’t have so many people incarcerated? What could those tax dollars do?

Reducing incarceration would allow us to keep building strong families and strong communities. It would improve the health and happiness of children and adults alike. Having more people working improves the economy. It improves the quality and quantity of services in your area. Overall, we all benefit when we help each other succeed.